Applied Behavior Analysis, better known as ABA, is a widely used approach for supporting individuals with autism and other developmental challenges. One of the most discussed strategies in ABA is “extinction.”
While the word itself might sound a little intense or even off-putting, in the world of behavior analysis, extinction simply means stopping the reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior. When that reinforcement disappears, the behavior gradually decreases or disappears altogether.
To understand extinction in ABA, it helps to think about behavior as something that happens for a reason. So, without further ado, let’s explore a variety of real-world examples of extinction in ABA therapy.
Understanding the Basics of Extinction
Before diving into specific examples, it’s helpful to clarify a few basic ideas. When behavior analysts talk about “extinction,” they aren’t referring to punishment or ignoring a person. Rather, they are referring to the process of stopping the reinforcement of a behavior that has a specific function.
There are several types of extinction, depending on the reason the behavior is occurring, such as:
Now, let’s walk through some detailed examples to show how extinction is actually applied in real life.
Example 1: Reducing Tantrums Used to Get Attention
Imagine a child who has learned that if they scream loudly during playtime, an adult will immediately rush over and give them attention. Maybe that attention is a gentle word, a scolding, or even just eye contact. Regardless of the type of attention, it serves as reinforcement.
In this case, the tantrum is functioning to gain attention.
An ABA therapist might implement an extinction strategy by coaching the caregivers to withhold attention when the screaming begins. That means no eye contact, no verbal responses, and no facial expressions that acknowledge the behavior.
Of course, safety remains the top priority, but for behaviors that are safe but disruptive, withholding attention can be a powerful tool.
At the same time, the therapist would teach and reinforce more appropriate ways to ask for attention, like tapping an adult on the shoulder, using a communication device, or saying “Excuse me.”
In the early stages of extinction, it’s not unusual to see an “extinction burst”—a sudden increase in the intensity or frequency of the behavior. The child might scream even louder or longer in an attempt to get the old result. But if the extinction is applied consistently, the behavior often fades.
Example 2: Interrupting Escape-Maintained Behavior
Now, picture a child who refuses to complete a worksheet during therapy or school. They might throw their pencil, knock the paper off the table, or run away. Over time, they learn that these behaviors allow them to avoid or delay the task.
If the behavior analyst determines the function of the behavior is escape, they might use an extinction strategy called escape extinction. This doesn’t mean forcing the child through the activity no matter what. It does mean that the child is no longer able to escape the task by using the problem behavior.
For instance, if a child throws the worksheet, the therapist might calmly pick it up and place it back in front of them without any strong emotional reaction. The expectation remains: the task needs to be completed. The goal is to teach the child that acting out will no longer help them avoid the demand.
At the same time, the therapist works to make the task more manageable. Maybe it’s broken into smaller steps, or maybe the child gets frequent breaks for completed work. Reinforcing appropriate requests for breaks (like raising a hand or using a picture card) helps the child learn better ways to meet their needs.
Example 3: Withholding Reinforcement for Tangible-Seeking Behavior
Imagine a young boy who yells and throws items every time he’s told he can’t have a certain toy or treat. If his caregivers have often given in, that behavior has likely become reinforced.
This is a classic case of a behavior maintained by access to a tangible item.
To use extinction, the caregivers would need to stop giving the toy in response to the yelling and throwing. Even if it’s difficult in the moment, consistency is key. The child may escalate at first, but over time, they learn that the tantrum no longer results in getting the item they want.
As with the other examples, the strategy works best when it’s paired with teaching. The child can be taught to ask for the toy in more appropriate ways, such as using words, signs, or a communication card. If the request is appropriate and the item is available, it can then be given as reinforcement.
Example 4: Addressing Automatically Reinforced Behaviors
Some behaviors occur simply because they feel good. These are known as automatically reinforced behaviors. An example might be hand-flapping, spinning, or humming. These actions often provide sensory input that is reinforcing all on its own, without any social or external interaction.
Extinction in these cases is more complex. Since the reinforcement is internal, it can’t simply be withheld like attention or toys.
One strategy is to block the sensory input that the behavior provides. For example, if a child repeatedly hits their chin to get a vibrating sensation, a therapist might gently block the behavior or provide an alternative activity that meets the same sensory need — like a vibrating toy or a sensory cushion.
Another method is to use competing stimuli. If a child enjoys the sound of clapping hands, offering a musical toy might redirect their interest in a more appropriate way.
Although this form of extinction can be subtle, it’s based on the same principle: removing or replacing the reinforcement that keeps the behavior going.
Final Thoughts
It’s worth noting that extinction takes time, patience, consistency, and a whole lot of compassion. It also works best when used alongside other strategies. When done thoughtfully and ethically, extinction can play a powerful role in helping children grow, learn, and thrive. Whether you’re a parent, teacher, or therapist, understanding the “why” behind behavior is the first step.
At Gracious Growth, we understand that every child is unique, and we create personalized ABA therapy plans that prioritize their individual needs, fostering meaningful growth. Our dedicated team works hand-in-hand with families to guide children toward healthier, more adaptive ways to communicate and interact.Â
With our expertise in ABA therapy, we are proud to offer high-quality, compassionate care to children and families across Colorado and Utah. If you’re ready to help your child reach their full potential, contact us today! We’re here to provide the support you need every step of the way.
Gracious Growth is committed to offering top-tier ABA therapy in Colorado and Utah, focusing on positive, lasting change. Reach out to us now to learn more about how we can make a difference in your child’s life.
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